Sains Malaysiana 53(7)(2024): 1477-1491
http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2024-5307-01
Evaluation of Catalase Activity, Gill Histology and
Genotoxic Effects of Cadmium in Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Fingerlings
(Penilaian Aktiviti Katalase, Histologi Insang dan Kesan Geno Toksik Kadmium pada Anak Ikan Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus))
AMNA MARIUM1,
HUMA NAZ1, TANVEER AHMED2,*,
MUHAMMAD UMAR IJAZ3, MUHAMMAD USMAN4, ZAHID MANZOOR5,
BASHARAT ALI6, AWATIF OMRAN7,YASMENE F. ALANAZI8,
RASHA M.A. JAME8,9 & AYMAN EL SABAGH11
1Department of Zoology, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences,
Bahawalpur, Pakistan
2Department of Life Sciences, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information
Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
3Department of Zoology, Wildlife and
Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
4Department of Anatomy and Histology, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal
Sciences, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
5Department of Pharmacology and
Toxicology, Cholistan University of Veterinary and
Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur Pakistan
6Department of Agricultural
Engineering, Khwaja University of Engineering and
Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
7Department of Biochemistry, College
of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk,
Saudi Arabia
8Department of Biochemistry, Faculty
of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk,71491, Saudi
Arabia
9Department of Chemistry, Faculty of
Science, Tabuk University, Tabuk,
Saudi Arabia
10Department of Chemistry, Faculty of
Education, Dalanj University, Dalanj,
Sudan
11Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt
Diserahkan: 24 Mac 2023/Diterima: 7 June 2024
Abstract
This research was designed to assess
the toxicity of cadmium (Cd), and its effects on catalase (CAT) activity,
histology of gills and geno-toxicity of Oreochromis niloticus. The acute toxicity of Cd (96-h) for fish was
computed as 56.021 mg/L (LC50) and 80.7336 mg/L (LC100)
using Probit method. The inferences showed that
catalase level was significantly (P<0.05) lower in Cd treated O. niloticus as compared to control that was
metal-stress free. It followed the order as:
intestine<gills<muscles<brain. Results of gills
histology showed that Cd-exposure caused prominent damage to both primary and secondary lamella. The histological alterations included fusion and
curling of secondary lamella, hyperplasia in secondary lamella, epithelial
lifting, and aneurysm observed in gills. Geno-toxic results showed that a
significant (p<0.05) increase in micronuclei, de-shape and notched nuclei in
erythrocytes of Cd-exposed O. niloticus was found as compared to control. The inferences
of this study confirmed the genotoxic properties of Cd. This study will be
helpful in understanding the histological and geno-toxic
changes in fish body kept under Cd stress. This study will also help in the
development of a specific approach to minimize the negative and genotoxic
impacts of cadmium. Furthermore, tilapia can be used as a good bio-indicator
for detecting toxic impacts associated with water pollution.
Keywords: Catalase; heavy metals;
histology; tilapia; toxicity
Abstrak
Penyelidikan ini direka untuk menilai ketoksikan kadmium (Cd) dan kesannya terhadap aktiviti katalase (CAT), histologi insang dan geno toksik Oreochromis niloticus. Ketoksikan akut Cd (96-jam) untuk ikan dihitung sebagai 56.021 mg/L (LC50) dan 80.7336 mg/L (LC100) menggunakan kaedah Probit. Inferens menunjukkan bahawa tahap katalase secara signifikan (P<0.05) lebih rendah dalam Cd dirawat O. niloticus berbanding kawalan yang bebas tekanan logam. Ia mengikut tertib sebagai: usus<insang<otot<otak. Keputusan histologi insang menunjukkan bahawa pendedahan Cd menyebabkan kerosakan yang ketara kepada kedua-dua lamela primer dan sekunder. Perubahan histologi termasuk gabungan dan lencongan lamela sekunder, hiperplasia dalam lamela sekunder, pengangkatan epitelium dan aneurisme yang diperhatikan dalam insang. Keputusan geno toksik menunjukkan bahawa peningkatan ketara (p<0.05) dalam mikronukleus, nyah-bentuk dan nukleus bertakuk dalam eritrosit O. niloticusterdedah Cd didapati berbanding kawalan. Inferens kajian ini mengesahkan sifat ketoksikan geno Cd. Kajian ini akan membantu dalam memahami perubahan histologi dan geno toksik dalam badan ikan yang disimpan di bawah tekanan Cd. Kajian ini juga akan membantu dalam pembangunan pendekatan khusus untuk meminimumkan kesan negatif dan geno toksikkadmium. Tambahan pula, tilapia boleh digunakan sebagai penunjuk biologi yang baik untuk mengesan kesan toksik yang berkaitan dengan pencemaran air.
Kata kunci: Histologi; katalase; ketoksikan; logam berat; tilapia
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